Genome Editing dates back to the 1950s when the DNA double helix was first discovered. Since then, scientists have been tirelessly working on ways to edit the genome to alter the blueprint of life. Genome editing (also called gene editing or genome engineering) is the addition, deletion, or alteration of the genetic code of an organism.
CRISPR-Cas9 technology has been taking the scientific community by storm since its development in 2012. Researchers are widely using CRISPR to modify genomes for a variety of applications, including medical diagnostics, DNA imaging, and therapeutics. CRISPR-Cas9 is far cheaper, quicker, more accurate, and more efficient compared to the other genome editing methods. One of the most exciting applications of CRISPR and CAS gene technology is regenerative medicine. By targeting cells with damaged or missing parts of their genetic code, CRISPR-Cas9 help them initiate repairs or replacement. This is used in cases where organs are damaged due to disease or injury, or to restore loss of organ functioning due to injuries or aging. In 2021, the market for gene editing technology was estimated to be worth USD 4 billion, and by 2031, it is expected to attain more than USD 22 billion.
A new gene editing technology called Base Editing was recently used to alter immune cells and treat a teen with leukemia successfully. The 13-year-old Alyssa has been in remission ever since. The edited cells were administered to the patient to identify and destroy T-cells in the body, including leukemic T-cells Base editing is expected to be even more precise than the CRISPR technique in cancer services and has fewer side effects.